RROCKEDINQS
OK
WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
VOL. V, PP. 189-229. [PLATES n-xx.] SEPTEMBER 12, 1903,
PAPERS FROM THE HOPKINS STANFORD GALA-
PAGOS EXPEDITION, 1898-1899.
XV.
NEW FISHES.
BY EDMUND HELLER AND ROBERT EVANS SNODGRASS.
INTRODUCTION.
THE twenty-three new species here recorded are described
from the material obtained by the authors in 1898 and 1899 at
the Galapagos Archipelago, Cocos Island and in the neighbor-
ing waters. The proportional measurements given are percen-
tages of the length to the end of the vertebrae, except where
otherwise stated. The writers are indebted to Dr. David Starr
Jordan and to Dr. Charles Henry Gilbert, of Stanford Univer-
sity, for suggestions and assistance while working on the
collection.
Evolantia, gen. nov.
Characters. Pectorals about one third of total length; ventrals
very short, outer lobe three and three fourths in head, a little less than
four in pectoral, inner lobe two in head, insertion midway between
posterior border of opercle and base of caudal ; anal fin but little
shorter than dorsal.
A single species known, E. micropterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) .
According to the disposition by Jordan & Evermann l of the flying
fishes with the ventrals inserted behind the middle of the body into
\Fishes N. & M. A., HI, Addenda, pp. 2835, 2836.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Sept., 1903. (189)
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
two genera, Exonautes and Cypsilurus, each with large ventrals, this
species must be placed by itself in a third genus, for it differs from
Exonatites and Cypsilurus, as thus defined, in having short ventrals
and pectorals, but agrees with Exonautes in the length of the anal.
It is probably allied to Exonautes rather than to Exoccetus, which
has small ventrals, on account of the posterior position of these fins,
the ventrals being anterior in Exoccetus. Evolantia, hence, repre-
sents an Exonautes with unspecialized ventrals and with but slightly
elongated pectorals.
Specimens were secured in latitude 4 N., longitude 90 W.
SPHYR^ENA IDIASTES sp. nov.
pi. ii.
Type. Cat. No. 12331, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Seymour Island.
Diagnosis. Differs from 6 1 . argentea, its closest American ally,
in the posterior insertion of the ventrals, the greater length of the head,
the wider interval between the maxillary and eye and in the possession
of smaller scales. It is apparently most closely related to S. heller 7* 1 of
the Hawaiian Islands from which species it differs in the scale formulae,
in the greater number of vertical rows of scales on the opercle, in the
extension of the scaled area beyond the posterior border of the eye and
in the longer pectorals.
Description of the Type. Length 480 mm.; head 3; depth 8;
eye 7; D. V, 10; A. 10 ; scales 20-145-12.
General shape fusiform, dorsal and ventral outlines symmetrical ;
head slender, acutely conical. Maxillary not reaching anterior border
of orbit, separated by a space a little greater than diameter of eye ;
suborbital one half of head ; posterior angle of opercle obtuse ; exserted
portion of mandible slightly greater in length than one half diameter
of eye. Scales on suborbital, extending forward to below center of
pupil ; top of head, sides of snout and a crescent-shaped area behind
and below eye naked.
Front of each jaw toothless ; a series of small, flat, triangular teeth
along sides of both jaws; those on mandible larger and fewer.
Internal horizontal plate of each premaxillary with three large, flat,
elongate teeth inclined backward ; in line with each of these series are
a series of six similar, large, palatine teeth directed downward and in-
ward followed by a long series of minute teeth. Anterior portion of
mandible with two large, triangular teeth directed backward.
^Sphyrcena helleri Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., p. 387, 1899.
PROG. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE
GQ
NEW FISHES
First dorsal spine longest, four in head ; posterior spines decreas-
ing regularly in length to last which is equal to diameter of eye ;
spines depressible in a groove. Second ray of soft dorsal longest,
exceeding slightly the first ray, three and one third in length of head ;
posterior rays decreasing regularly in length to ninth which is three
and one half in length of first; last ray longer, two and one half
in first. Caudal fin deeply forked, lobes equal. Pectorals small, about
three in head, slightly exceeding the ventrals, upper rays longest.
Anal similar to soft dorsal in shape but lower, first ray three and three
fourths in head.
A young specimen, 50 mm. long presumably belonging to this
species taken from the surf near Tagus Cove, Albemarle, has a
series of eight wide black median dorsal spots. The first is the largest
and is situated on the head posterior to the eyes, the second is fused in
the median line with the third, and the last is situated on the base of
the caudal peduncle. On each side is a black longitudinal line, best
marked posteriorly. At the base of the anal is a large brown spot
and there is a similar spot on the middle of the caudal peduncle, while
at the base of the caudal fin is a smaller one. The snout and tip of
the lower jaw are dusky. The rest of the body is pale. Another
specimen, 40 mm. long, has the same characters except that the
second dorsal spot is narrower and not fused with the third. A third
specimen 97 mm. long has a faint indication of this color pattern, there
being a fairly well marked granular lateral stripe and obscure traces of
the dorsal spots.
MEASUREMENTS OF Sp/iyrcena idiastes.
Catalogue No. Iceland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
(Type).
"331-
12321.
480
4Q7
Head
IT,
77
Depth .. .
I?
12
Pectoral
II
IO
Ventral
IO
6
6
Kye Head ..
id.
14
Maxillary: Head
7.2
l6
Exsertion of mandible \ Head
3 8
8
41
4.O
Interorbital : Head
1C
16
7
7
Dorsal Spines
v
v
IO
IO
IO
IO
I4">
14-1
Scales, transverse ...
20-12
18-12
192 HELLER AND SNODGRASS
APOGON ATRADORSATUS sp. nov.
pi. in.
Type. Cat. No. 6357, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Charles Island.
Diagnosis. Almost identical with Apogon atricaudus of the
Revillagigedo Archipelago, differing from it in having the distal half
of the second dorsal black.
We have examined numerous specimens of Apogon atricaudus in
the Stanford University collection and not one of them shows any trace
of black on the second dorsal. Our specimens, preserved in the same
manner as the others, invariably have the black on this fin. If the
Revillagigedo specimens had in life any black on the second dorsal fin
it has, in all cases, faded from it, but not from the first dorsal nor from
the caudal. In many Galapagos specimens the tail appears to be a
little more deeply forked than in the Revillagigedo specimens, but it is
not constantly so.
Description of the Type. Head two and two thirds ; depth three ;
eye three; D. VI-I, 9; A. II, 8 ; scales minutely ctenoid, 3-25-11.
Maxillary reaching a little back of posterior margin of pupil ; pectorals
reaching base of anal ; ventrals reaching posterior margin of anus.
Snout blunt ; profile of head straight, gently inclined from snout
to front of dorsal, slightly concave from this point to front of second
dorsal, descending then to base of caudal peduncle, where it forms an
abrupt angle with the peduncle ; ventral profile with about same con-
vexity as dorsal, but outline from front of anal to base of caudal fin
evenly and roundly concave. Second dorsal higher than first; first
dorsal spine short (variable in length, in largest specimens about equal
to interorbital space, in younger ones shorter) ; second and third
spines longest, two and one half in head ; succeeding spines rapidly
shorter, so that posterior border of fin is receding ; seventh spine at-
tached to second dorsal, as long as second and third ; second and third
soft rays of dorsal longest, one half longer than last spine ; posterior
rays very short so that dorsal margin of fin posteriorly turns downward
and forward; soft anal similar to soft dorsal; tail emarginate (the
depth of emargination greater in young specimens).
Coloration in Alcohol. Brownish, darker above, minutely punctate
with black specks ; caudal and first dorsal dusky, second dorsal and
anal pale basally, dusky terminally. In life the color was bright red,
paler below, with the distal parts of the vertical fins black.
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE
fi
1
e
a
o
g"
PROG. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE IV
NEW FISHES
The collection contains a large number of specimens of this species
from Cocos Island, and from Seymour, Chatham, Narboro, Albe-
marle (Tagus Cove) Tower, James, Hood, Duncan, Barrington and
Charles Islands of the Galapagos Archipelago.
Galeagra gen. nov.
Characters. Head similar in shape to that of Apogon but the
body somewhat more elongate. Subopercle, interopercle and opercle
with their angles armed with more or less prominent spines ; preoper-
cle with a double edge, the posterior edge serrated. Scales large,
ctenoid, thirty three in the lateral line ; lateral line little curved, inter-
rupted ; pectoral greatly elongate ; dorsal fins two, the spines VIII-I ;
anal spines III ; soft parts of both dorsal and anal short ; teeth small,
present in both jaws, and in a V-shaped patch on the vomer; gills
four, with a slit behind the last ; gill-rakers long ; branchiostegals six.
Affinities somewhat doubtful. The single specimen on which the
genus is based is evidently a deep-sea form.
GALEAGRA PAMMELAS sp. nov.
pi. iv.
Type. Cat. No. 6355, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Wenman Island.
Diagnosis. Subopercle armed with a large spine at the angle ; in-
teropercle with a smaller spine ; opercle with several small spines at
angle and with a deep notch above angle ; preopercle with a double
edge, the anterior short, the posterior serrated ; scales large, 2-33-7,
serrated; lateral line not following outline of back, broken. D.
VIII I, 10 ; A. Ill, 7 ; maxillary short, extending to the vertical from
middle of pupil ; pectorals produced.
Description of the Type. Head two and seven ninths in length ;
depth three and five sixths; eye two and two sevenths in head, maxil-
lary two and two ninths ; interorbital four and one ninth. D. VIII I,
10 ; A. Ill, 7 ; scales 2-33-7, pores 33.
Body little elevated, vertical profile elliptical, with the greatest
depth at front of dorsal fin ; body more or less compressed ; head flat
above the oblique profile ; snout obtusely pointed, equaling the inter-
orbital width in length; mouth rather small, oblique, with equal jaws;
maxillary short, extending to vertical from middle of pupil, lower
edge smooth ; both jaws armed with a single series of small teeth ; a
V-shaped patch of eight or nine slightly enlarged teeth on vomer;
palatines apparently toothless ; head spiny, with small pre- and post-
194 HELLER AND SNODGRASS
ocular spines on the supraocular margin ; preopercle with a double
edge, the anterior short and soon obsolete dorsally, the posterior
rounded at angle, and armed with slender serrations on angle and on
posterior edge ; subopercle with a stout spine at angle, bifid at tip,
upper spine longest, slightly more than one half the interorbital width
in length ; interopercle with a smaller, stouter spine at angle ; opercle
smooth along lower edge, the angle armed with about twelve small
spines, the one at the angle considerably enlarged, a deep rounded
notch above angle with two small spines above it. Gills four, a slit
behind last; pseudo-branchiae well developed. Gill-rakers long, more
than one third of eye in length ; fourteen below the angle. Brachio-
stegal rays six.
Scales large, thirty-three in lateral line, armed with moderately long,
slender serrations ; head scaled on cheeks and on occiput to between
orbits ; entire body scaled, leaving only fin membranes naked. Lateral
line begins above opercle and extends in a slight curve to between the
dorsals, then goes obliquely downwards for a short distance, and then
horizontally to caudal peduncle; broken between dorsals by a slight
interval. (Some of the posterior scales of the lateral line are missing.)
Dorsal fins two, separated in front of last dorsal spine by an interval
equal to diameter of eye. Spinous part high, rounded ; third spine
highest, slightly greater than one half the length of head ; first spine
very short ; posterior spines slender. Soft dorsal joined to last dorsal
spine, outline of the fin lunate, posterior rays somewhat produced and
filamentous, about equaling anterior ones in length. Anal fin begin-
ning behind origin of soft dorsal, spinous part much lower than spinous
dorsal ; first spine very short, second longest but evidently shorter than
third, which is stouter but broken at tip. Soft anal similar to soft
dorsal, but scarcely lunate. Pectoral fin long and ribbon-shaped,
rays filamentous at tip, reaching beyond posterior border of anal fin ;
rays thirteen. Ventrals pointed, spine nearly equaling the filaments,
rays I, 5. The caudal fin is missing, only a few of the basal rays
remain on the ventral side.
Coloration in Life. Black with metallic-green iridescence ; snout
and lower jaw somewhat paler ; fins dusky.
NEW FISHES 195
MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE OF Galeagra -pammelas.
c8
Head
~\6
Depth
26
Eye...,
13
Interorbital width . . .
8
Maxillary
Height of spinous dorsal;
18
Height of spinous anal
ii
Height of soft dorsal ,
12
Height of soft anal
12
Pectoral
42
Ventral
17
Deoth of caudal peduncle...,
12
CORVULA EURYMESOPS sp. nov.
Type. Cat. No. 6361, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Charles Island.
Diagnosis. Closely allied to Corvula macrops Steindachner,
from Mazatlan and Panama. It differs most conspicuously from this
species in being much more slender ; in having a greater number of
dorsal spines thirteen instead of twelve ; in having the tip of the lower
jaw slightly included (in C. macrops it reaches as far forward as the
tip of the snout) ; in having the interorbital space wider ; and in hav-
ing a longer maxillary.
Description of the Type. Body slender and elongate, snout blunt,
lower jaw included ; profile from tip of snout to nape about straight
(very slightly concave), slightly rounded from here to front of spinous
dorsal, straight and horizontal to front of soft dorsal, evenly descend-
ing from here to caudal peduncle. Ventral profile about same as
dorsal, straight and horizontal from ventrals to anal.
Mouth oblique, at an angle of 45. Maxillary a little greater than
one half of head, about equal to second anal spine. Eye four in head.
Anterior nostril oval, the posterior the larger. Angle of preopercle
rounded, ascending limb inclined somewhat forward, space between
its upper end and eye a little less than eye. Fifteen gill-rakers on
ceratobranchial, upper ones long and slender, decreasing gradually to
the lowest. Teeth all small, in a single series in lower jaw ; in upper
jaw a band of small teeth, the outer ones enlarged.
Fourth and fifth dorsal spines longest, about two and one half in
head ; first very small, almost rudimentary ; second a little longer than
half the length of the third; third only a little shorter than the fourth ;
sixth to tenth rapidly decreasing in size so that tip of tenth projects
196 HELLER AND SNODGRASS
but little back of tip of fifth in elevated fin ; in closed fin fifth spine
reaches beyond ninth ; eleventh spine shortest ; twelfth and thirteenth
successively a little longer, apparently a part of the soft dorsal. Rays
of soft dorsal abruptly longer than the last dorsal spines, the fourth
and fifth longest, equal to the sixth spine ; fin decreases slightly
in height posteriorly, last ray one half of fifth. Depth of caudal
peduncle a little less than one third of head ; caudal fin gently rounded,
middle rays two in head. First anal spines short ; second slightly
longer than maxillary, not specially thickened ; first and second soft
rays of anal longer than second spine ; distal border of elevated fin
perpendicular ; last ray less than one half of first in length. Ventrals
and pectorals same length, equal to length of head behind eye. Dis-
tance between insertion of ventrals and first anal spine one third greater
than depth of body.
Entire body scaled except jaws and region between rami of lower
mandible. Soft dorsal and anal with scaly sheaths along their bases.
Scales on snout minute. Lateral line straight anteriorly, over tip of
pectoral bent somewhat downward, from here to caudal peduncle
slightly convex downward ; beyond this straight, continuous to edge
of caudal fin. Snout with a large slit-like pore on each side, about
four very small pores above and below each of these. Three pores
at symphysis of lower jaw.
Coloration in Life. Above uniform dark brown, below paler
silvery-brown; center of each scale on sides of body dusky -brown,
forming conspicuous narrow, dark longitudinal stripes ; stripes below
lateral line undulatingly horizontal, wider than those above, the upper
ones cut off at middle of body by deflexure of lateral line; stripes
above lateral line anteriorly running backward and upward, posteriorly
horizontal, extending to end of caudal peduncle; fins plain brown.
Taken at Charles and Seymour Islands.
The following table gives comparative measurements of Corvula
eurymesops, and of one specimen of C. macrops in the Stanford
University collection from Mazatlan.
NEW FISHES
197
MEASUREMENTS OF Corvula eurymesofs AND Corvula
macrops.
Catalogue No. Leland Stanford Jr.
University Museum.
Corvula eurymesops.
c.
ma-
crops.
35-
( ^ C)
12306.
12307.
Length in mm
156
31
31
22
23
53
27
29
XIV
24
9
46
148
29
32
22
23
52
26
29
XIII
23
9
50
137
27
32
22
23
48
26
27
XIII
24
8
46
131
28
32
23
23
11
27
XIII
24
9
47
161
35
30
22
22
49
3i
25
XII
25
9
48
Depth
Head
Ventral
Maxillary: Head
Eye: Head
Interorbital : Head
Second Anal Rays .
Scales on Lateral Line.
SCI^ENA PERISSA sp. nov.
Type. Cat. No. 6360 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island.
Diagnosis. Distinguishable from any other member of the genus
by the weakly serrated preopercle, enlarged anal spine and the small
number of spines in the dorsal.
Description of the Type. Length 183 mm. ; depth two and three
fifths; head about three; upper profile of body strongly convex,
greatest depth at front of soft dorsal ; ventral profile much less con-
vex, evenly rounded ; snout blunt, rounded ; lower jaw included, sym-
physis nearer vertical from anterior nostril than from point midway
between anterior nostril and snout. Tip of snout slightly lower than
anterior nostril, strongly receding to mouth; mouth nearly horizontal;
profile from snout to nape almost straight. Snout below tip with eight
pores, a large slit-like pore on each side, three just above mouth, three
very small ones just above these; symphysis with five pores, one
small, slit-like, median one, two on each side, of which the posterior is
the larger. Teeth small, in bands along sides of jaws, the outer ones,
especially in upper jaw, enlarged ; bands in lower jaw wide in front,
tapering posteriorly ; no vomerine teeth. Anterior nostril lower and
smaller than posterior. Suborbital a little narrower than vertical
diameter of eye. Ascending limb of preopercle very weakly serrated,
inclined forward ; space between its upper end and orbit equal to
vertical diameter of eye. Opercle with wide membranous flap on
posterior border above angle.
198
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
D. X, 33. First dorsal spine very short; second abruptly much
longer ; the fourth longest, two and one half in head ; posterior bor-
der of fin almost vertical, last spine longer than ninth. Second dorsal
fin low in front, gradually rising toward posterior end where border
curves abruptly downward ; the longest ray, the twenty-sixth, three in
head, about equal to second dorsal spine. Anal short, II, 8 ; second
spine two and one half in head ; first and second soft rays longest, two
in head, longer than fourth dorsal spine. Depth of caudal peduncle
a little less than three in head. Caudal fin gently rounded, middle
rays almost two in head. Upper rays of pectoral longest, one and
two fifths in head.
Snout, subopercle, jaws and chin bare, rest of body covered with
small ctenoid scales ; small, irregularly arranged scales along lateral
line.
Specimens of this species were secured at Tagus Cove and Eliza-
beth Bay, Albemarle Island and at Seymour Island.
Coloration in Life. Above dusky-brown ; belly grayish ; lips
flesh-color ; fins dusky ; iris golden-brown.
MEASUREMENTS OF Scicena perissa.
Catalogue No. Leland Stanford Jr.
University Museum.
12301.
( B?
12302.
12303.
12304.
210
187
18*
178
167
147
Depth
70
^6
3Q
38
28
78
Head
V7
1C
36
-1C
77
Pectoral: Head
67
CO
62
67
65
58
Ventral : Head
54
58
64
5Q
6?
<55
Snout : Head
28
24
24
22
27
25
Eye: Head
2O
26
24
25
21
2A
Dorsal Spines
x
x
x
x
s
x
Second Dorsal Rays
M
3-1
17
7T
72
7T
Second Anal Rays
7
R
8
8
8
7
AZURINA EUPALAMA sp. nov.
pi. v.
Type. Cat. No. 6352, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Hood Island.
Diagnosis. Differs from A. hirundo in being more slender, in
having the lateral line more nearly straight, the tip of the snout
blunter, the interorbital space wider, the nape less elevated, the ven-
tral profile of the body more convex, it being more convex than the
upper, and in having the color olive and gray instead of blue.
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
NEW FISHES 199
Description of the Type. Length 92 mm., depth three and four
sevenths ; head three and four sevenths ; pectoral four and one third ;
ventral five and four fifths; D. XIII, n ; A. II, 12.
Upper profile of head and body very gently and evenly curved from
tip of snout to a little in front of base of caudal. Posterior end of
caudal peduncle a little deeper than median part. Ventral profile of
head and body also evenly curved, but more convex than the dorsal.
Mouth oblique, on level with middle of caudal peduncle. Eye irreg-
ularly elliptical, longest diameter vertical. Preorbital narrow, least
width about two and one half in vertical diameter of eye. Interorbital
space equal to vertical diameter of eye. Upper limb of posterior mar-
gin of preopercle almost vertical, angle prominent, whole margin entire.
First dorsal spine short, considerably shorter than the others, equal-
ing horizontal diameter of eye ; third, fourth and fifth spines longest,
two in head ; second a little shorter than the third ; spines back of fifth
gradually decreasing in length ; the last shorter than the first. Pro-
file of soft dorsal rounded, median rays longest, about three fourths of
longest spine. Anal longer than soft dorsal, not symmetrical with it,
anterior rays longest, a little longer than second anal spine which is
equal to length of longest soft dorsal ray ; first anal spine very short.
Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe very slightly longer than lower,
outer edge of each gently convex posteriorly. Pectoral equal to great-
est depth of body below lateral line, upper rays longest. Ventral one
and three fourths in head, tip not prolonged into a filament.
All parts except lips, fins, and space about nostrils scaled. Scales
of body large, in thirty-two oblique series. Lateral line continuous,
extending entire length of body, very gently convex dorsally.
Coloration in Alcohol. Brown, paler beneath, with longitudinal
pale area on middle of each scale forming indistinct, pale, longitudinal
stripes along the sides of body ; a prominent black area on axil, cov-
ering also both sides of the base of the pectoral ; caudal dusky with
both margins of the lobes pale; soft dorsal and anal dusky along
bases ; otherwise fins plain brown like body.
Coloration in Life. Above dusky olive with bluish iridescence,
sides lighter dusky-gray, belly silvery, snout pure dusky ; dorsal dusky,
base of soft dorsal black ; axil and base of pectoral black ; pectorals,
ventrals and anal pale ; caudal pale with a dusky oblique streak
through each lobe.
Variations. The eight specimens secured present scarcely any
departures from the characters of the type as described above.
Taken at Charles and Hood Islands.
200
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
MEASUREMENTS OF Azurina eupalama.
Catalogue No. Iceland Stanford Jr.
Universit3 r Museum.
(Type)
6352.
12299.
12300.
Length in mm. . .. . ..
Q2
86
8>
8l
80
Depth
08
2Q
3$
<*
2Q
Head
28
78
2Q
2Q
IO
Pectoral
21
23
24
22
24.
Ventral
17
18
18
18
18
Vertical Diameter of E ye : Head
7Q
?o
2Q
10
11
Interorbital : Head
7-1
12
IO
10
11
Preorbital * Head .
IO
Q
IO
IO
IO
Dorsal Spines
XIII
XIII
XIII
XIII
XIII
Second Dorsal Rays
II
II
II
ii
ii
Second Anal Rays.. . .
12
12
12
12
12
Scale Rows ..
12
12
12
12
12
POMACENTRUS REDEMPTUS sp. nov.
pi. vi.
Eupomacentrus rectifranum, JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Com-
mission, for 1898, p. 282, 1899 (Clarion and Socorro Islands).
Eupomacentrus flavilatus, JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Com-
mission for 1898, p. 282, 1899 (Socorro, Clarion and San Benedicto
Islands).
Type. Cat. No. 6358, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. (Collector : R. C. Mc-
Gregor.)
Diagnosis. Forehead very evenly retreating from snout to front
of dorsal ; preopercle narrow, about two thirds of eye in adult ; inter-
orbital space about equal to eye ; preopercle more strongly serrated
than in P. leucorus ; lips dark ; young with posterior part of the body,
caudal peduncle and posterior half of soft dorsal orange ; color other-
wise brown, with diffusion of orange posteriorly in adults.
Description of the Type. Length no mm. Profile from snout
to first dorsal straight, inclined backward at angle of about 45 with
longitudinal axis of body. Dorsal spines gradually increasing in
length posteriorly. Median rays of soft dorsal longest, reaching a
little past base of caudal fin ; last rays very short ; profile of dorsal fin
straight and horizontal from fourth spine to longest soft ray, so that
both spines and soft rays successively more inclined backward pos-
teriorly, the posterior longer ones being no higher than the anterior
shorter ones in unelevated fin. Last soft rays horizontal. Anal
similar to soft dorsal. Lobes of caudal rounded, upper lobe the larger.
Upper rays of pectoral longest.
Depth two; head a little less than three; D. XII, 15 ; A. II, 12;
eye three and four sevenths in head ; least depth of preorbital one and
one half in eye.
PROG. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VO.L. V
PLATE VI
NEW FISHES
2OI
Interorbital space a little wider than diameter of eye. Suborbital
gradually decreasing in width as it curves upward and backward below
eye ; inferior margin with irregular serrations. Upper limb of pre-
opercle a little inclined backward from angle ; serrature well developed,
obsolete at angle. Several conspicuously enlarged scales on the opercle,
one very large one above base of pectoral ; twenty-five oblique scale
rows on body. Lateral line continuous, crossing the first nineteen
rows of scales, ends below middle of soft dorsal.
Color in Alcohol. Brown, paler on caudal fin and peduncle ; lips
dark like rest of head; posterior borders of scales of body darker,
forming dusky vertical stripes ; a distinct black spot on upper edge of
base of pectoral, not in axil.
Variations. The preceding description of the type applies almost
without change to the other adult specimens. In some, the upper limb
of the posterior preopercular margin is inclined backward more than
in the type, while in others it is less so, being in some almost vertical.
Young Specimens. One immature specimen 72 mm. long has the
anterior upper profile somewhat rounded, resembling in this respect
E. arcifrons. Another 60 mm. long, however, has the profile the
same as in the adults. These specimens, especially the smaller one,
have the caudal peduncle, basal part of caudal fin, posterior part of
body back of middle of soft dorsal, and posterior half of soft dorsal
pale orange. In all ages the spot on the base of the pectoral is very
distinct. In the specimen which is 60 mm. in length one scale on
the back of the caudal peduncle is dusky posteriorly, forming a rather
prominent mark on the prevailing yellow color.
There is no trace of spots on the scales of any of the specimens.
The species is known only from Clarion, Socorro and San Benedicto
Islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago.
MEASUREMENTS OF Pomcicentrus redemptus.
Length in mm
no
IO7
IO7
106
106
72
60
Depth
52
C2
CO
52
CO
CO
Head
TO
71
7Q
<io
71
7T
IQ
Pectoral.
2Q
2Q
.8
^
27
7T
78
Ventral
2Q
2
IT
^o
7,0
S
77
Eve: Head...
78
27
78
2Q
1,2
s-i
I.-!
28
28
7-2
*o
2Q
27
28
Preorbital Head
17
16
17
17
T6
17
JC
Dorsal Spines
XTT
XII
XII
XII
XII
XII
XTT
Second Dorsal Rays
JC
JC
JC
JC
JC
1C
JC
Second Anal Rajs
11.
j-j
M
J7
I*
I-T,
T*
Scale Rows.
2C
2C
2C
2C
25
25
25
Scales on Lateral Line
IQ
IQ
2O
2O
2O
2O
2O
2O2 HELLER AND SNODGRASS
POMACENTRUS ARCIFRONS sp. nov.
pi. vii.
Type. Cat. No. 6356, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Harrington Island.
Diagnosis. Profile from snout to front of dorsal regularly arcuate,
forehead convex ; least depth of preopercle less than eye, but relatively
greater than in P. leucorus or P. redemptus-, interorbital space
greater than eye ; upper limb of opercle vertical, rather coarsely ser-
rated ; lips orange, contrasting conspicuously in color with the brown
color of the head and fore part of the body ; young without spots
on the scales, orange posteriorly.
Description of the Type. Depth of body a little more than one
half its length. Profile from tip of snout to front of dorsal steep,
regularly curved, thence to tip of soft dorsal, profile nearly straight.
Posterior border of soft dorsal receding. Profile of body descending
from front of spinous dorsal to caudal. Mouth on a level with upper
edge of base of pectoral and lower edge of caudal peduncle. Ventral
profile of body regularly curved. Anal fin similar in shape to soft
dorsal; caudal forked, the upper lobe the larger. Head three and
one third in length ; eye three and two thirds in head ; interorbital
space about three in head ; preorbital a little narrower than diameter
of eye ; maxillary reaching slightly back of front of eye. Posterior
margin of the preopercle vertical with slender serrations. Suborbital
with larger, wider, less numerous serrations. Teeth rather firmly
fixed, a single row in each jaw, compressed basally, flattened antero-
posteriorly at tip; D. XII, 15; A. II, 13. Dorsal spines all about
the same length, the first two in head ; median soft rays elongated ;
the last shortest ; first anal spine three in second ; second one and two
thirds in head. Pectoral wide, fan-shaped, the upper rays longest,
slightly shorter than head ; outer angle of ventral prolonged into a fila-
ment, about three in length. Scales large, 5-25-10. Lateral line end-
ing a little in front of posterior end of soft dorsal ; pores on twenty
scales.
Coloration in Alcohol. Dark brown, with diffusion of orange over
posterior parts, color varying greatly in different specimens. All have
the fore parts brown and nearly all have the posterior parts orange ;
but the proportions of the two colors are very indefinite, some speci-
mens being nearly all brown and others almost wholly orange.
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
NEW FISHES 2O3
Young specimens. Numerous young specimens of this species, in
the collection, are easily distinguishable at all stages from the young
of Pomacentrus leucorus by the bright yellow color of the -caudal
peduncle and posterior parts of the body.
I. Specimen 51 mm. long. Color and outline about same as in
adult. iLips pale ; area on middle of soft dorsal somewhat darker than
rest of fin when held to light ; posterior part of caudal peduncle and
tail pale yellow. Forehead steep as in adult. A specimen of about
this size (59 mm. long) was colored in life as follows : above black-
ish-olive ; belly, cheeks and chin brownish ; caudal peduncle and
caudal fin orange ; pectoral olive ; anal dark olive, purple spot at base
of last ray ; spinous dorsal like back, first soft rays orange-tipped, last
rays of soft dorsal olive with purple spot at base ; ventrals blackish,
membrane brown.
II. Specimen 3 J mm. long. Colored same as last, except that the
whole caudal peduncle is covered with orange which encroaches on
hind part of body and on last rays of soft dorsal and anal.
III. Specimen 33 mm. long. Yellow covers more of posterior
part of body and about posterior half of soft dorsal. Dark area on
fore part of soft dorsal more distinctly outlined as a round spot.
IV. Specimen 29 mm. long. Same as last, except that dark spot
is still more distinctly formed on soft dorsal. Specimens of this age
are almost identical in shape with adult specimens of Pomacentrus
flavilatus.
V. Specimen 24. mm. long. Orange of posterior part of body
very light, covering caudal peduncle, posterior part of body as far
forward as middle of soft dorsal fin, posterior half of soft dorsal and
last two rays of anal; large round dark spot (specimen in alcohol)
very distinct on front half of basal three fourths of soft dorsal, extend-
ing also on side of back almost to lateral line ; caudal fin gray ; lips dark.
The characters described in the preceding paragraphs may be sum-
marized as follows : The very young are characterized by having the
anterior part of the body plain dark brown, the posterior part, includ-
ing that part back of the middle of the soft dorsal fin, the posterior
half of the soft dorsal, the posterior two rays of the anal, and the
caudal peduncle, bright orange ; contrasting strongly with the anterior
dark part. They have also a large, round, dark spot (perhaps dark
purple in life) on the fore-part of the soft dorsal fin and the adjoining
region of the back. In this stage the lips are not colored differently
from the rest of the head and the upper profile of the head is much
less steep than it is later in life. As age increases, the spot on the
204
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
dorsal disappears and the lips become pale-colored, while the orange
color of the posterior parts retreats backward until the individual is
about 50 mm. long, when it is confined to the posterior half of the
caudal peduncle. Later the orange color becomes spread indefinitely
over the posterior half of the body, differing in extent in different indi-
viduals, but it generally does not cover such a distinctly defined area as
in the young. Towards maturity the profile of the head becomes very
steep and convex before the eyes, in some individuals almost vertical.
A large series of this species taken at the Galapagos Archipelago
and at Cocos Island.
MEASUREMENTS OF Pomacentrus arcifrons.
Catalogue No.
Iceland Stanford Jr. Uni-
versity Museum.
(Type)
6356.
12294.
12295.
12296.
12297.
12298.
Len srth in mm
lie
no
108
IO7
IO7
00
52
74
24
Depth
C7
58
SQ
54.
5Q
40
40
47
AT.
Head
3O
29
33
30
32
31
32
32
33
Pectoral
20
28
28
27
20
78
^o
^o
2 7
3.2
74
32
30
3
^O
3*
70
31
27
78
27
76
28
28
77
74
34
Preorbital * Head ..
22
21
21
IQ
IQ
35
74
32
3 2
31
33
25
27
24
XII
XTT
XTT
XII
XII
XII
Second Dorsal Rays
Second Anal Rays
15
17
15
j7
15
I*
15
17
15
17
15
17
Scale Rows
25
24
25
24
25
25
Scales on Lateral Line ..
20
20
19
20
20
The species of Pomacentrus living along the mainland of Central
America is P. rectifrcenum shown in Figure 2 of Plate v. It has been
reported from the Revillagigedo Archipelago, but the specimens are
probably young individuals of P. redemptus.
Nexilosus gen. nov.
Characters. Teeth incisor-like, entire ; suborbital adnate to
cheek ; no scales on preorbital, scales on suborbital not well formed ;
fourth gill opening a very small round aperture. These are all
Hypsypops characters except the adnate condition of the suborbital,
which is a characteristic also of Nexilarius.
NEXILOSUS ALBEMARLEUS sp. nov.
pi. viii.
Type. Cat. No. 6359, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island.
Description of the Type. Length 200 mm. Body ovoid, deep,
compressed; depth a little more than two in length; profile from
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
NEW FISHES 2O5
snout to dorsal fin arcuate, very steep ; lower profile of body less con-
vex than upper ; greatest depth at middle of body. Head about three
and one half in length ; mouth on level with lower edge of-caudal
peduncle, small, curved slightly downward behind ; lips thick. Teeth
in a single series, laterally compressed, somewhat antero-posteriorly
compressed at tips, entire. Nostril a little below eye, midway be-
tween eye and premaxilla. Eye four in head. Subbrbital adnate to
cheek, outline of inferior border visible ; posterior limb of preopercle
vertical ; angle of opercle with a small flat spine ; two smaller ones in
a crescentic notch on posterior border above angle.
D. XIII, 17; A. II, 13. Dorsal spines all low, of uniform height,
except first and second which are shorter than the others ; soft dorsal
abruptly higher than the spinous dorsal ; anterior rays highest, almost
as long as head ; posterior rays rapidly decreasing to last which is
lower than last dorsal spine ; distal border of fin vertical, a little con-
cave. Second anal spine the longer, equal to last dorsal spine.
Middle rays of anal longest, about four fifths of longest dorsal ray ;
posterior rays somewhat longer than posterior dorsal rays, but base of
fin ends a little in advance of base of dorsal so that the posterior
borders of fins are about opposite. Depth of caudal peduncle one and
one half in head, dorsal and ventral outlines straight; caudal fin
deeply divided into two rounded lobes, the upper considerably the
larger. Pectorals one and one sixth in head, fan- shaped, but upper
rays longest. Ventral simple, rays not produced, one and one fifth in
head.
y Scales 4-28-12, those along middle of sides largest, most of them
with small accessory scales at their bases, these most numerous above
lateral line. Entire body scaled except circum-oral region as far back
as e^ es ; scales on suborbital not well formed. Fins all densely scaly ;
spin >us part of dorsal with scaly sheath almost concealing the spines.
Lateral line on twenty-two scales, ending below posterior part of soft
dorsal.
Coloration in Life Sides bluish-brown, back with scales hazel in
center, dark brown peripherally ; a broad light-rusty vertical bar on
sides above anus, tapering above and below, snout light brownish-red ;
fins dusky ; lips dusky-bluish ; belly and sides of head light brown ;
iris blue.
The different specimens present but little variation. The crescent-
shaped notch which is present in all specimens on the posterior border
-of the opercle above the spine is covered with membrane. Some
specimens have two small spines in the notch, as in the type, while in
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Sept., 1903.
2O6
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
others these are lacking. The second dorsal is proportionally lower
in specimens smaller than the type.
Young (40-62 mm. long). General shape same as that of adults.
Teeth entire ; preorbital and suborbital scaleless ; preorbital a little
less in depth than in adults (in adults almost equal to eye, five in
head), in young two in eye, seven in head, but eye much larger in
young, three in head (in adults four and one fourth in head) . Color,
above black with bluish iridescence ; head and base of anal and dorsal
with bright blue spots.
This species was taken at Tagus and Iguana Coves and Elizabeth
Bay, Albemarle Island.
MEASUREMENTS OF Nexilosus albemarhus.
Catalogue No. Iceland Stanford Jr.
University Museum.
(Type)
6359-
12290.
12291.
12292.
12293.
Length in mm
2OO
IQ7
IQ?
1 70
1 66
Depth
54
C2
CC
C2
S7
Head
2Q
28
TO
2Q
-IQ
Eye: Head
24
24
24
21
21
84
7Q
75
7O
80
63
60
61
60
63
Pectoral Head
Q2
80
82
QO
Ventral Head
1
86
77
8-5
Dorsal Spines
XIII
XIII
XIII
XIII
XIII
Second Dorsal Rays .
17
18
18
18
18
Second Anal Rays
17
JC
*3
14
14
Scale Rows ...
2 8
28
28
28
27
SCARUS NOYESI sp. nov.
pi. ix.
Type. Cat. No. 12332, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island.
Description of the Type. Length 428 mm. Depth two and one
half; head two and two thirds; D. IX, 10; A. Ill, 9.
Dorsal and ventral outlines evenly rounded, the dorsal a little more
convex than the ventral. Snout blunt, thick, rounded symmetrically
with lower jaw ; profile before eye very slightly concave. Upper lip
leaving marginal space of jaw exposed for about one third the width
of eye ; lower jaw with a somewhat wider exposed space ; margin of
upper lip horizontal, of lower oblique, forming an angle of 30 with
margin of upper. Dental plates white, upper with two small, conical,
outwardly directed posterior canines at angle of lips. Nostrils very
small, anterior circular, posterior a longitudinal slit. Eye, eight in
head. Six vertical rows of scales on cheek below eye ; first, second
and fourth of two scales each ; third of three scales, fifth of four scales
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE IX
NEW FISHES 2O7
and sixth of two scales placed high so that the upper overlaps the
lower anterior scale of scaly area behind eye ; opercles with large
scales. Snout, lower jaw, top of head before eyes and circum-ocular
region naked. Dorsal fin begins at vertical from base of pectoral, of
uniform height throughout except posterior end which is a little ele-
vated. Caudal peduncle deep, outlines concave, depth two and two
fifths in head ; upper and lower outlines of caudal fin convex, angles
produced, median posterior margin straight ; middle rays two in head,
upper rays two thirds longer, lower about one half longer than median
rays, upper and lower rays thickened. Anal similar to soft dorsal,
highest posteriorly ; spines three, the first very small, hidden beneath
the skin close to the second. Second and third of equal size, same
length as anterior soft rays of anal ; pectoral of fourteen rays, the
upper the longest, one and one third in head. Ventrals simple, short,
two in head.
Scales large, twenty-two oblique series along lateral line. Lateral
line beginning on fourth scale from ridge of back, and running back-
ward over sixteen scales of third row below dorsal fin, then inter-
rupted, beginning again on second scale below in same oblique series,
and running backward over five more scales on middle of side of
caudal peduncle.
Coloration in Alcohol. Plain green, dorsal and anal with green
base and margin, yellow mesially ; dorsal with a small, median series
of dark spots posteriorly.
Coloration in Life. Above light brownish-gray, with bluish-green
iridescence, pinkish below, brightest on throat, chin and lips; dorsal
with light blue-green margin and base; pectorals light yellow, first
ray blue ; ventrals pinkish ; anal pinkish-brown with light-blue spots ;
caudal light brownish like body with first upper and first lower rays
blue-green ; blue spot above eye ; snout dark olive above ; iris golden.
Another specimen was light olive-brown above, greenish on sides
with pink margined scales.
Variations. The number of scales in the different rows on the
cheek varies somewhat, but there are always six in the arc formed be-
neath the eye by the uppermost scales of each vertical series. The
smaller specimens have the angles of the caudal less produced than
the larger ones such as the type. The tubes of the lateral line are
irregularly branched on each scale. The two parts of the lateral line
generally overlap on one scale row only, but occasionally on two.
Our specimens are from Albemarle, Narboro, Duncan and Seymour
Islands.
208
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
Named for Captain Wm. P. Noyes, the sailing master of the ex-
pedition.
MEASUREMENTS OF Scarus noyesi.
Catalogue No. Iceland Stanford Jr.
University Museum.
12273.
12274.
12275.
12276.
12277.
(Type)
12332-
12278.
Length in mm
200
342
55:7
36s
380
428
4CC
Head
28
5
oo/
28
o u o
31
31
34
32
Depth
^6
17
77
38
37
3Q
38
Pectoral: Head
7O
71
82
76
78
78
83
Ventral : Head
64
C2
6s
cc
SO
S3
Eye : Head
1C
14
16
14
14
13
13
IX
IX
IX
VIII
VIII
TX
TX
10
10
10
IO
II
IO
IO
Second Anal Rays.
Scale Rows ...
24
23
23
23
23
24
23
PONTINUS STRIGATUS sp. nov.
Type. Cat. No. 6343, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Wenman Island.
Diagnosis. Snout and maxillary scaled ; tentacles short or want-
ing on head ; preopercle with four spines, upper with a supplemental
spine at base, humeral spine single; last dorsal spine much longer
than the eleventh ; pectoral rays eighteen, extending past beginning of
anal ; lateral line with twenty-four pores ; head two and five eighths ;
eye three and one sixth. Color bright red, streaked and spotted with
olive-brown.
Description of the Type. Head two and five eighths in length ;
depth three and one fourth ; eye three and one sixth in head ; inter-
orbital nine and one half ; maxillary two ; snout three and one sixth.
D. XII, 10 ; A. Ill, 5; P. 18.
Eye large, three and one sixth times in length of head. Snout
short, equaling diameter of eye in length ; interorbital region deeply
concave, narrow, width three times in eye ; occipital flat, bordered by
low spines ; nape rising obliquely from occiput. Paired nasal, pre-
ocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic and parietal spines present ;
nape with two pairs of nuchal spines ; humeral and paroccipital spines
single ; suborbital carina with three spines ; preopercle border armed
with four spines below angle, the first largest and with a supple-
mental spine at its base, the third spine larger than second ; opercle
with two broad flat spines, one situated at the angle. Head with short
filaments at the bases of some of the spines, other filaments wanting.
Maxillary extending to the vertical from middle of pupil, length one
NEW FISHES 209
half of head. Gill-rakers free, short, length at angle one third the eye.
Lateral line beginning at humeral spine and extending horizontally
to the tail ; pores twenty-four. Scales small, finely ctenoid \ cov-
ering the body, snout posteriorly, the occiput, cheeks, opercles and
maxillary ; fin membranes, tip of snout, interorbital, premaxillary and
lower jaw naked.
Spinous dorsal high, third spine highest, equaling one half head ;
eleventh spine much shorter than the twelfth ; first spine shorter still.
Soft dorsal lower, rounded, height three and one fourth in head.
Anal fin high, second spine much larger and heavier than third, its
height slightly less than one half the head. Soft anal higher than
the spinous, rays more or less free at tip. Ventrals long and pointed,
extending to first anal spine. Pectorals broad and fan-shaped, median
rays longest, reaching third anal spine.
Coloration in Life. Above bright red, the belly lighter, pinkish,
dorsum and head above the level of the preopercular spine spotted or
indistinctly streaked with dark olive-brown, spotted heaviest about the
base of the dorsal fin ; sides below the dorsal fin streaked obliquely
with olive-brown ; fins, spines and rays red, the membranes whitish,
yellowish in the dorsal ; the soft dorsal and caudal fins spotted with
olive-brown; upper half of pectorals olive spotted; the soft anal
with a dusky central streak.
In general form and coloration this species approaches P. sierra
Gilbert, from the Gulf of California, but differs in the scaled maxil-
lary, the higher and differently proportioned spinous dorsal and in the
greater number and streaked character of the dark markings.
The type was taken from the stomach, of a shark (Carcharhinus
platyrkynckus) near Wenman Island.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE OF PontinUS StrigdtllS.
Catalogue No. 6343 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
75
Head
1.8
Depth
IT
Eye
12
Interorbital Width
A
10
Snout
12
Height of Spinous Dorsal ....
IQ
Height of Spinous Anal ...
2O
Pectoral
IO
Ventral
26
Depth of Caudal Peduncle
10
2IO HELLER AND SNODGRASS
ELEOTRIS TUBULARIS sp. nov.
pi. x.
Type. Cat. No. 6348, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Cocos Island.
Diagnosis. Scales 46, 16; eye greater than interorbital width;
anterior nostril tubes extending beyond mouth ; maxillary reaching to
below middle of eye. Head long, two and sixth sevenths in length.
Description of the Type. Head two and sixth sevenths in length ;
depth four and three fourths ; width of head four and one sixth ; eye
four and one half in head ; maxillary two and three fifths ; interorbital
five; D. VI-I, 8; A. I, 8; scales 46, 16.
Body short and compressed posteriorly. Dorsal profile low, highest
at the beginning of the dorsal fin, descending obliquely to tip of snout.
Head broad and depressed ; interorbital region flat or slightly concave ;
mouth large, oblique, with lower jaw projecting. Teeth in both jaws
small and subequal. Maxillary long, extending to vertical from middle
of pupil. Anterior nostril with long tubes extending considerably be-
yond the snout. Preopercular spine blunt, concealed and turned for-
ward.
Scales large, ctenoid, forty-six in a line from angle of opercle to end
of vertebrae ; sixteen longitudinal series between dorsal fin and ven-
trals.
Dorsal fins separated by a slight interspace, spinous portion rounded
and slightly lower than soft portion ; soft dorsal attached to seventh
spine, angular in outline, all the rays being of nearly equal length.
Anal fin similar to soft dorsal but more rounded, beginning posterior
to origin of soft dorsal. Caudal fin long, three and one fourth in
length, rounded. Pectorals obtusely pointed, reaching beyond origin
of anal fin, rays sixteen. Ventrals pointed, inner rays longest, sepa-
rated by an interval slightly more than one half the eye.
Coloration in Alcohol. Above olive-brown, darkest on the head
and snout ; belly lighter brownish ; dorsal, anal and caudal fins closely
barred with dusky; pectoral and ventral fins lighter, with less con-
spicuous dusky bars.
The nearest American ally of this species is E. amblyopsis of Sur-
inam from which it differs chiefly in the much larger eye and longer
head.
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE X
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE XI
NEW FISHES 211
MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE OF EleotrJS tubulariS.
Catalogue No. 6348 Iceland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Length in mm. . .
4.1
Head ..
ir
Depth ..
2"\
Width of Head
24
Eye
8
Maxillary
I*
Interorbital Width
7
Snout
8
Pectoral
27
Ventral.
IQ
Height of Spinous Dorsal ....
*3
Height of Soft Dorsal ...
16
Height of Soft Anal
18
Caudal
ii
Depth of Caudal Peduncle
1C
Length of Caudal Peduncle...
23
COTYLOPUS COCOENSIS sp. nov.
Pl. XI.
Type. Cat. No. 6347, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Cocos Island.
Diagnosis. Scales cycloid, large, fifty-six in a line from opercle
to end of the vertebrae ; head, throat, disc and fins naked ; teeth of
upper jaw tricuspid, those of mandible equal and separated; eye
small, six times in head ; lips without emarginations ; pectorals
short.
Description of the Type. Head four and one fifth in length,
depth four and four fifths ; eye six in the head, maxillary two ; inter-
orbital two and one half; D. VI-I, 10; A. I, 10; scales 56.
Body subcylindrical anteriorly, becoming posteriorly more com-
pressed; dorsal and ventral outlines nearly parallel. Head high and
bluntly rounded anteriorly ; snout broad and flat, obtusely rounded ;
interorbital region slightly concave. Nape with a median depression
or groove extending from the occiput to dorsal fin. Mouth wide, in-
ferior; lips with even margins, lower with two broad posteriorly
situated papillae on gums. Teeth of upper jaw in a single series,
numerous, slender and brush-like ; tip bent at right angles ; cutting
edges tricuspid or trident-shaped; but soon becoming worn down
even. Teeth of mandible subequal, well separated ; five on each
side of jaw, anterior pair slightly smaller than posterior. Eye small,
contained six times in length of head, one and three fourths times
in interorbital width. Maxillary extending to vertical from posterior
border of eye.
212
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
Scales large, subequal, smallest on the nape, larger on the sides ;
fifty six in a line from the angle of the opercle to the last vertebra.
Scales cycloid with the exception of a few on the sides which are
armed with several serrations medially. The body scaled excepting
the throat ; the head, fin membranes and disc naked.
Dorsals separated by an interval equal to three fourths the length of
the maxillary. Spinous dorsal high, spines more or less free and flexi-
ble at the tip, third and fourth spines highest, contained one and one
fifth times in head. Soft dorsal longer and lower, rays of about equal
length. Anal fin similar to soft dorsal but lower and anteriorly more
rounded. Pectoral short, one and two fifths in head, obtusely
pointed ; caudal short, broad and truncate at the tip. Ventral disc
small, circular.
Coloration in Life. Above dark brownish-olive, thickly spotted
with green and black spots the size of the scales ; sides of the body
lighter olive; head above and on sides blackish; belly dusky-olive,
unspotted, medially bluish ; disc amber-yellow, bordered anteriorly
with maroon ; dorsals dusky, maroon-tipped, the soft portion with a
black median stripe; pectorals dark brown, broadly maroon-tipped,
the basal portion olive with dusky spots ; anal blackish ; caudal
broadly maroon-tipped, the basal part dusky ; iris silvery.
The shape of the teeth and distribution of the scales ally this spe-
cies to S. salvini of Panama from which it differs in the larger and
cycloid scales and in coloration.
The species was found abundant in the streams about Chatham Bay.
MEASUREMENTS OF Cotyloptis cocoensis.
6-*
80
52
Head .
24
22
24
21
21
18
Eye
O4
4
Interorbital Width
07
7
12
II
ii
Height of Spinous Dorsal ... .
IQ
22
18
Height of Soft Dorsal
14
I*
17
II
q
IO
17
17
18
Length of Disc
14
IO
14
Caudal
21
IQ
22
Depth of Caudal Peduncle
15
14
H
GOBIUS RHIZOPHORA sp. nov.
Pl. XII.
Type. Cat. No. 6349, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum,
Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island.
PROG. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
<4, i
NEW FISHES 213
Diagnosis. Head three and one third in length; depth four and
one sixth ; dorsal profile of head evenly rounded ; snout less than eye ;
D. VI I, ii ; A. I, 9. Color, above dark reddish-brown, head and
body crossed by fifteen light vertical bars ; head below the level of
eye black-spotted ; caudal and dorsal fins finely dark-barred.
Description of the Type. Head three and one fifth in length ;
depth four and one sixth ; eye three and one half in head ; maxillary
three ; snout three and seven eighths ; interorbital ten and one third ;
D. VI-I, ii ; A. I, 9; caudal 27; pectoral 18.
Body short, dorsal and ventral profiles low and subequal. Head
slightly compressed, width less than height, dorsal profile slightly
rounded from snout to nape. Snout short, less than diameter of eye
in length. Mouth oblique, with projecting lower jaw ; maxillary one
third length of head, extending to slightly beyond vertical from an-
terior border of eye. Teeth in a double series in both jaws ; inner
small and villiform ; the outer enlarged, canine and spaced. Eyes
diameter large, greater than snout, situated close together, the inter-
orbital consisting of a thin ridge.
Scales large, ctenoid, twenty-eight in a line from base of pectoral
to caudal fin. Whole head, breast, nape, base of spinous dorsal and
fin membranes naked.
Dorsal fin long, deeply notched before last dorsal spine. Spinous
dorsal high, second and third spines somewhat produced but consid-
erably shorter than in G. zebra, about one half head in height. Soft
dorsal lower, with rays of about equal height, a few of the posterior
shorter, not reaching base of caudal fin. Anal fin similar to soft dorsal,
but not extending so far posteriorly, height equal to soft dorsal, pos-
terior rays nearly as long as others, pectorals in the type with the tip of
the rays worn ; normally pointed, one and one ninth the length of head.
Ventrals jointed, inner rays longest, as long as pectorals; reaching
anus. Caudal rounded, one and one fourth in length of head.
Coloration in Alcohol. Above, head and body dark purplish-
brown ; body crossed by thirteen narrow, light, vertical stripes, about
one fourth as wide as the dark interspaces, becoming obsolete on
sides anteriorly, the light stripes with a fine dark line running through
them ; head crossed by two oblique light stripes behind the eye which
cross over the nape ; a pair below eye and a single posterior inter-
orbital stripe above eye ; light spaces on head wider than on body,
distinct, not forming reticulations ; head below level of eyes and belly
lighter, pinkish; the dark areas below eye, the chin and branchio-
stegal membranes spotted with dark brown ; soft dorsal and caudal fins
2I 4
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
light, barred with blackish ; spinous dorsal dark like back but bej-
coming lighter at tip; venlrals and pectorals light without darker
markings ; anal fin dusky.
All the specimens agree in proportions and coloration with the
type. The fins in most of the specimens are in poor condition.
Allied to G. zebra, which species it resembles in proportions, shape
and fin characters. This species apparently is marked with light
stripes where G. zebra, possesses dark ones, the darker median stripes
in the light areas-being represented by the darker median stripe in the
dark stripes of the latter. The light stripes do not form reticulations
below the eye as do the dark stripes on G. zebra. The species differs
further in the more rounded dorsal profile of the head (which, in G.
zebra is considerably angulated and projecting before the eyes), in the
lower spinous dorsal, the shorter snout, the spotted head, and dark
barred dorsal and caudal fins.
In the collection are specimens from Albemarle (Tagus Cove), Nar-
boro and Seymour Islands.
MEASUREMENTS OF Gobius rhizophora.
22 5
2O
27
Head
11
2Q
27
Depth
2A
2/1
22
Eye .
8
Interorbital Width ....
Snout
8
8 <;
7
Maxillary
IO
ii
IO
Height of Spinous Dorsal
14-4-
T*
1C
Pectoral
14-4-
28
22 +
Ventral
28
25
Caudal
2T.
21
2A
GOBIUS GILBERTI sp. nov.
Pl. XIII.
Type. Cat. No. 6354, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Narboro Island.
Diagnosis. Jaws with two series of teeth, the outer enlarged,
consisting of four canines in each jaw. Dorsal fin VI I, 14, first four
spines greatly produced, reaching much past middle of soft dorsal.
Color, above dark reddish, below and on sides lavender; the sides
crossed by nine narrow, vertical, black margined stripes.
Description of the Type. Head three and two thirds in length ;
depth four and one half ; eye three and one half in head ; interorbital
7; D. VI-I, 14; A. I, 14; scales 38.
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE XIII
a
f i
be
02
g
2
o
I O
NEW FISHES 215
Body short, low, with dorsal and ventral profiles subequal, moder-
ately compressed ; head with rounded dorsal profile, somewhat com-
pressed, width equal to depth of the caudal peduncle ; mouth small,
oblique ; tip of snout formed by the projecting mandible ; maxillary
short, extending to vertical from anterior border of pupil ; both jaws
armed with a double series of teeth, the inner series small, the outer
enlarged and spaced, consisting of four canines in each jaw.
The scales finely ctenoid, large, thirty-eight in a line from base of
pectoral fin to last vertebra. Head naked ; body scaled excepting nape,
breast, and belly mesially, which are naked. Dorsal fin deeply notched
before the seventh spine, spinous part greatly produced, second spine
longest and reaching twelfth dorsal ray, third slightly shorter, first
spine exceeding fourth in length ; all the spines flexible and united
by membrane to their tips. Soft dorsal lower, little rounded ante-
riorly, ending squarely behind, posterior rays equaling the median in
height and reaching base of caudal fin ; anal fin similar to the soft
dorsal in shape and equaling it in height ; caudal rounded or subtrun-
cate, equaling head in length. Pectorals pointed, upper rays atro-
phied, lower free at tips ; median rays longest, reaching anal fin ;
ventrals free from belly, pointed, reaching vent.
Coloration in Alcohol. Dark brownish, head and belly lighter
brownish-yellow, body crossed by nine narrow, light, black bordered,
vertical stripes ; a vertical bar below eye, another on opercle, a curved
interorbital, a short occipital and a nuchal bar, and two postocular
spots light, bluish-black bordered like the vertical body stripes ; caudal
fin dusky with a few light spots at base, the other fins lighter ; dorsal
spines blackish.
Another specimen secured at Tagus Cove, Albemarie Island, is
somewhat larger and lighter colored than the type, with the dorsal
spines less produced, the longest reaching only to the fifth vertical
stripe. The coloration in life of this specimen was as follows : Body
pale-lavender, crossed by ten narrow, vertical, light-blue, black-mar-
gined stripes, these stripes obsolete on the belly ; the head below the eye
and the snout golden, above and on nape bright red, interorbital region
olive ; bars and spots on the head distributed as in the type and colored
like the vertical body stripes ; fins dusky, reddish tipped ; iris light olive.
This species is apparently nearest G. dalli, of the Santa Barbara
Islands, which it resembles in shape and in the character of its teeth
and fins ; but the dorsal spines are much more produced, the scales
larger and the coloration very different in pattern.
Named for Dr. Charles Henry Gilbert, of Stanford University.
216
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
MEASUREMENTS OF Gobius gilberti.
22. 5
2">
Head
27
78
Depth
22
2S
Eve...
8
7
7
7
4"
ii
12
40
24
Pectoral
*2
2Q
Ventral
21
2^
Caudal .
78
76
Depth of Caudal Peduncle
H
I"?
ARBACIOSA TRUNCATA sp. nov.
Pl. XIV.
Gobiesox zebra GILBERT, in part, Proceedings United States National Museum,
xxni, 1890, p. 452 (Duncan Island).
Type. Cat. No. 6341 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Tagus Cove, Albemarle.
Diagnosis. Incisors broad, the median ones of both jaws even-
edged, truncate ; a single enlarged canine behind the incisors ; dorsal
and anal fins with six or seven rays ; eye large, one and one half times
in interorbital width ; vertebrae thirty. Color, light olive-yellow,
vermiculated and spotted above with darker; a blackish humeral
spot ; four pinkish transverse bands on dorsum in life.
Description of the Type. Head three and one third in length ;
depth six and two thirds ; eye five in head ; interorbital three and three
fourths; disc one and one fourth; D. 6; A. 7.
Horizontal profile of body narrow, head little wider than rest of body,
opercles bulging somewhat on sides ; snout rounded. Dorsal profile
low, rising slightly to middle of back; ventral profile horizontal.
Mouth small, terminal ; both jaws armed with six broad incisors, the
four median ones above and the two median ones below truncate,
unnotched, their edges even ; lateral teeth tridentate with rounded
lobes, the middle lobe projecting above the lateral ones ; both jaws
with an enlarged, somewhat recurved incisor separated by a slight
diastema from the posterior incisors. Gill-raker short, slender, seven
on lower limb of arch. Opercular spine strong.
Dorsal fin beginning slightly in advance of anal ; both fins short,
similar, rounded, their anterior rays highest. Pectoral short, rounded,
with broad bases, length two and one half in head. Caudal fin broad,
rounded, length one and one half in length of disc.
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
NEW FISHES
217
Coloration in Life. Above and on sides light olive-yellow,
vermiculated and spotted above with slate-blue; orbit with seven
radiating bluish stripes, the anterior one extending forward to_mouth,
the two lower ones running obliquely across cheeks and opercles;
sides with twelve rather narrow bluish transverse bars, not extending
on ventral or dorsal surfaces ; a blackish humeral spot, slightly smaller
than eye ; back crossed by four broad pinkish bands, the first beginning
behind the humeral spots ; ventral surfaces light yellow, immaculate ;
fins olive, without spots, caudal fin and ventral disc edged with orange.
There is considerable variation in the coloration. The collection
contains two small specimens which show five broad dark cross-bars,
as in A. zebra ; and some of the other specimens show faint traces of
the same markings.
The young have all the mandibular incisors tridentate, as in the
adults of A. zebra. The small specimens collected by the Albatross
at Duncan Island and referred by Dr. Gilbert to A. zebra, were evi-
dently too young to show the specific characters of the teeth.
Allied to A. zebra, differing in the truncate, unnotched median
mandibular teeth and somewhat in coloration.
Numerous specimens were secured at Tagus and Iguana Coves,
Albemarle Island.
MEASUREMENTS OF Arbaciosci truncatd.
Length in mm
5Q
je
7C
l8
Head
5Q
2Q
in
in
Depth
1C
1C
J7
IQ
Width of Head
26
27
27
27
Eye
6
c
Interorbital Width
8
8
8
8
Pectoral
12
14
12
12
Length of Disc
28
25
27
27
Depth of Caudal Peduncle
IO
Length of Caudal Peduncle
IO
8
IO
IO
Caudal
19
19
20
17
MALACOCTENUS ZONOGASTER sp. nov.
Pl. XV.
Labrisomus delalandi GILBERT, Proc. U. S.
Albemarle Island.
Nat. Mus., xin, p. 452, 1890,
Type. Cat. No. 6352 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Iguana Cove, Albemarle Island.
Diagnosis. Dorsal spines XXI or XXII, first spine higher than
second, one and one half in eye ; whole lower surface heavily barred
and spotted with dark brown.
2l8 HELLER AND SNODGRASS
Description of the Type. Head three and two thirds in length ;
depth three and two fifths ; eye three and one half in head ; maxillary
three; interorbital two in eye; D. XXI, n ; A. II, 20; scales 63.
Shape of the head and body much as in M. delalandi, body pos-
teriorly compressed and with dorsal profile little elevated. Mouth
small, terminal ; jaws equal and armed with a single series of incisor
teeth ; vomer with a semicircular patch of similar teeth. Maxillary
short, extending to vertical from anterior border of eye. Nape with
an oblique patch and the eye with a smaller supraocular patch of fila-
ments. Diameter of the eye slightly less than length of snout.
Scales cycloid, small, sixty-three in lateral line, head, breast, median
line of belly, and bases of the ventral fins naked.
Dorsal fin long, beginning at nape and extending nearly to caudal
fin. Spinous dorsal high anteriorly, notched between fourth and fifth
spines and again between nineteenth and twentieth, the first spine high,
one and three fourths diameter of eye and considerably longer than
second spine ; last spine about as high as third. Soft dorsal higher
than the spinous, second ray highest, but little exceeding the other
rays ; last ray reaching two thirds the distance to caudal. Anal fin long,
not extending quite as far posteriorly as dorsal, deeply incised ; spinous
portion short; soft part longer, the twelfth to the fourteenth rays
longest. Pectorals rounded, rays fourteen, median longest. Caudal
rounded, rays thirteen. Ventrals composed of three deeply incised rays.
Coloration in Life. Above, light olive, sides with five broad
olive-brown bands, breaking up ventrally into blotches, above the
median line of the sides the dark bands separated by light purplish
areas spotted with brownish, below the median line these areas become
tawny-brown ; head olive, rufous-blotched, opercle with a large
circular dark blotch ; underparts whitish, barred and spotted, the bars
about as wide as the interspaces ; branchiostegal membrane and throat
very regularly barred ; dorsal fin amber-yellow, with rufous spots and
red-tipped spines and rays ; pectoral membrane lighter, golden-yellow ;
rays rufous-spotted, lower dark red; ventrals whitish like belly,
brown-barred, rays red-tipped ; anal fin lemon with brown spots and
red-tipped rays ; caudal fin like dorsal in coloration ; iris crimson.
This species is close to M. delalandi of the mainland from which
it differs in the possession of more than twenty dorsal spines, in the
higher first dorsal spine, and in the barred lower parts. We have ex-
amined twenty specimens of M. delalandi from Mazatlan, Mexico,
and find the following variations in the fins ; dorsal XIX-XX, 10-12 ;
anal II, 18-19. O ur Galapagos material gives the following formulaB :
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE XVI
NEW FISHES
2I 9
Dorsal fin,
XXI, IT
XXI, ii
XXII, 1 1
XXI, 10
XXI, 10
XXI, ii
XXI, ill XXI, ii
Anal fin,
II, 20 II, 20
II, 20
II, 20
II, 18
II, 19
II, 20! II, 20
Scales in Lat-
|
eral Line,
63
58
59
54
55
56
~35\-
The specimens in the collection are from Tagus and Iguana Coves,
Albemarle Island.
MEASUREMENTS OF Malacoctemis zonogdster.
Length in mm
67
6-1
6}
Head
28
78
27
Depth
2Q
26
11
Eye ."
8
8
7
Interorbital Width
JC
Maxillary
Q
Pectoral
27
->6
27
Ventral
21
2"!
22
Height of Spinous Dorsal
14.
14.
14.
Height of Soft Dorsal
16
17
JC
Height of Anal
14.
16
16
Caudal
21
21
24.
Depth of Caudal Peduncle
9
8
9
LEPISOMA JENKINSI sp. nov.
pi. xvi.
Type. Cat. No. 6350 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Iguana Cove, Albemarle Island.
Diagnosis. Dorsal spines nineteen ; interorbital width one and
one half the diameter of eye ; dorsal profile of head evenly rounded ;
scales large, fifty-six to sixty-one in lateral line. Color, above dark
brownish-red with six blackish transverse bars on the sides ; below
light, spotted with red.
Description of the Type. Head three and one third in length ;
depth three and one eighth ; eye four and one half in head ; maxillary
two and one fifth; interorbital six and one fifth; D. XIX, 1 1 ; A. II,
18; pores 58.
General shape of body as in L. xanti, but the head higher with the
dorsal profile more rounded and without an emargination at the nape.
Mouth narrow, teeth anteriorly enlarged, the two lateral ones in front of
the diastema recurved ; vomer with a v-shaped patch of five teeth, the
median one largest ; vomerine teeth followed by two or three smaller
palatine teeth on each side. Nuchal filaments well developed and much
thicker than in L. xanti. Maxillary extending to vertical from middle
of pupil. Interorbital wide, width one and two fifths diameter of eye.
Scales larger than in L. xanti, fifty-eight (pores) in lateral line,
eight scales between base of the dorsal fin and curved anterior part of
22O
HELLER AMD SNODGRASS
lateral line ; below this point to middle line of belly are twenty-three
vertical series of scales.
Dorsal fin long, notched before the last spine, spinous part low and
slightly rounded, middle spines highest, two and five sixths in head.
Soft dorsal much higher than spinous portion of fin, one and seven
ninths in head ; posterior rays reaching base of caudal fin. Pectoral
fin rounded, middle rays longest, extending to vertical from second
anal spine ; rays fourteen. Ventral fin with three rays, the middle
one longest, one and three fourths in length of head. Caudal fin
rounded, twice the length of longest dorsal spine, rays thirteen.
Coloration in Life. Above dark brownish-red, blotched and spot-
ted with dusky ; sides of the body with six broad, blackish transverse
bars ; ventral surface whitish with ruby-red spots ; vertical fins like the
sides ; pectorals dark barred with red rays ; ventrals light like the belly.
This species is closely related to L. xanti of the Pacific coast of
Mexico, differing in the wider interorbital, the larger number of dorsal
spines, the more rounded dorsal profile of the head and the darker
and more reddish coloration. We have examined seven specimens
of L. xantiirom Mazatlan, Mexico, and La Paz, Lower California,
and each of these possesses eighteen dorsal spines.
Secured only at Iguana Cove, Albemarle Island.
Named for Dr. Oliver P. Jenkins, of Stanford University.
MEASUREMENTS OF Lepisoma jenkinsi.
Length in mm
oc
85
Q2
Head
21
7Q
*o
Depth.
^2
32
2Q
Eve ..
7
8
7
ii
14
ia
13
Interorbital Width
c
Height of Spinous Dorsal. ..
ii
12
II
Height of Soft Dorsal
17
17
16
Height of Soft Anal
16
1C
16
Pectoral
28
27
26
Ventral
20
10
IQ
Caudal
22
20
21
Depth of Caudal Peduncle.
IO
IO
9
Dorsal fin .'
XIX, ii
XIX, ii
XIX, 12
Anal fin
II, 18
II, 18
II, 17
Scales (pores)
58
61
59
ENCHELIOPHIS JORDANI sp. nov.
pi. xvn.
Type. Cat. No. 6345 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum,
Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island.
PROG. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE XVII
>
'
NEW FISHES 221
Diagnosis. Body greatly attenuate, head twelve in length, depth
seventeen in length ; vertical fins confluent, low ; dorsal fin beginning
much behind the anal ; teeth small, in a single series in each jaw and
on the palatines ; vomer with a rounded patch of larger teeth. Color,
pinkish, the belly silvery and the tail bluish; belly, snout and body
posteriorly spotted with brown.
Description of the Type. Head twelve in the length ; depth one
and seven tenths in length of head ; eye five and one fourth ; maxillary
two ; interorbital five and one half ; snout four and one half.
Body greatly attenuate, tapering very gradually from behind the
head to the slender whip-like tail ; not much compressed. Head
long, depth one half the length; dorsal profile sloping gradually to
bluntly rounded snout. Snout short, broad and rounded ; occiput and
interorbital regions convex or rounded. Mouth large, slightly oblique
with included lower jaw, maxillary extending much behind eye.
Teeth small, cardiform, in a single series in both jaws ; palatines
armed with a long series of somewhat larger teeth extending past angle
of mouth; vomer with a small, rounded patch of teeth slightly larger
than palatine series. Opercular bones without spines or free edges,
the whole apparatus covered by the skin.
Gills four, a short slit behind the last, free from isthmus and united
below the throat; no pseudobranchiae. Gill-rakers short, few. Bran-
chiostegal rays six. Gill openings ventral, narrow, the length two and
one half in head.
Body naked; lateral line without evident pores, running high and
following outline of back ; beginning above opercle, extending for-
ward on head to above eye, and posteriorly to slightly beyond body
cavity. Vent situated below posterior border of opercle.
Vertical fins confluent ; rays not evident ; dorsal fin beginning be-
hind snout a distance equal to three times length of head, the fin an-
teriorly very low, becoming higher posteriorly where equaling one
third the eye in height. Anal fin beginning at vent, considerably higher
than the dorsal, the height one half diameter of eye. Caudal fin and
a few of the last vertebras missing. Pectoral and ventral fins wanting.
Coloration in Life. Head and body dusky-pink ; the belly silvery,
the tail grayish-lavender ; iris greenish-gray.
Coloration in Alcohol. Light brownish-yellow, the snout, belly
and body, posteriorly finely spotted with dark brown. The spotting
perhaps due to the dissolving out of the silvery pigment by the for-
malin in which the specimen was preserved, leaving the spots which
were beneath it visible.
Proc. Wash. Acad, Sci., Sept., 1903.
222 HELLER AND SNODGRASS
We have not seen Miiller's figures of E. vermicular is, but his de-
scription is so meagre that the two species can be only approximately
compared. The coloration is very different, there being in our speci-
men no trace of the blackish-brown color of the Philippine form.
Named for President David Starr Jordan of Stanford University.
The type was the only specimen taken.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE OF Encheliofhis jordani.
Catalogue No. 6345 Iceland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Length in mm
114
10
Depth: Head
67
Eye : Head
iq
Maxillary: Head
49
Interorbital : Head
Snout : Head
22
Height Dorsal : Head
6
Height Anal Head...
10
Petrotyx gen. nov.
Characters. Body not greatly attenuated or compressed; snout
blunt, obtusely rounded ; lower jaw included ; teeth small, blunt ;
in broad bands in both jaws and on palatines ; in a diamond-shaped
patch on vomer ; opercular bones without spines or sharp angles .
Vertical fins long, united, caudal not differentiated ; ventral composed
of two rays, united for half their length. Snout and the tip of mandi-
ble with short thick cilia. Lateral line single, wanting posteriorly.
Scales cycloid; present everywhere except on tips of the fins, margins
of the jaws, and tip of snout. Gills four, a slit behind the last ; gill-
rakers few, short and thick, armed with minute teeth ; pseudobranchiae
small. Branchiostegal rays eight. Head without evident muciferous
canal openings. Air-bladder large, rounded posteriorly. Six pairs
of pyloric caeca. Allied to Catcetyx.
PETROTYX HOPKINSI sp. nov.
Pl. XVIII.
Type. Cat. No. 6344 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Barrington Island.
Diagnosis. Head five times in length; depth slightly greater;
maxillary long, extending much behind eye ; eye small, eight times in
head; gill-rakers short, stout, one 4- two; scales one hundred and
thirty-five in a series from base of pectoral to end of last vertebra ;
dorsal rays one hundred and five ; anal eighty -two ; caudal ten ; ven-
PROG. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
NEW FISHES 223
trals two, the height three fourths the head, filamentous at tip ; pec-
torals short, fan-shaped, with broad bases.
Description of the Type. Head five in length ; depth f oiir^and
four fifths ; eye eight in head, interorbital four ; snout three and
three fifths ; maxillary one and four fifths ; D. 105 ; A. 82 ; C. 10; P.
24; V. 2 ; scales 11-135-38.
Vertical outline of body subfusiform, tapering from about the
eighth dorsal ray ; posteriorly compressed and attenuate to a point.
Head broad and flat above with a furrow on each side of vertex run-
ning forward to above eye ; sides of the head nearly vertical. Snout
broad and bluntly rounded, tip formed by ciliated portion above pre-
maxillary ; mouth wide, horizontal, with included mandible ; maxillary
long, extending behind the anterior border of eye a distance equal to
length of snout, only the posterior lower edge exposed. Teeth small
and rather blunt, in broad close-set villiform bands in both jaws, the
inner mandibular series slightly enlarged ; arranged in an oblong patch
on palatines and in a large diamond-shaped patch on vomer. Tip
of the snout fringed with narrow or ligulate, ciliated flaps ; the man-
dible with shorter similar cilia at its tip. Opercular bones without
spines, their angles rounded. Head without evident muciferous canal
openings. Gills four, a slit behind the last, free from the isthmus;
pseudobranchiae represented by six or seven short filaments ; gill-rakers
one-J-two, stout, club-shaped and shorter than the gill-filaments, armed
with small teeth similar to those on the pharyngeal bones. Scales
cycloid, covering entire body and head, absent only on premaxillary,
maxillary, anterior portion of snout, margin of mandible, and tips of
fins ; exposed portion of the scales about one half diameter of eye in
length. Lateral line slightly undulate, beginning above opercle,
curving slightly and following outline of back, extending slightly
beyond middle of dorsal fin ; running between the scales, dorsal fin
beginning slightly behind the base of pectoral ; all the rays of
about equal height, six and one third in head. Anal beginning at
anus, equal to dorsal in height and similar to it in shape ; caudal
fin pointed, slightly longer than the height of the dorsal ; not differen-
tiated from vertical fins. Pectorals with wide bases, fan-shaped, the
middle rays longest, length one and two thirds in head ; ventral com-
posed of two rays, united for half their length, filamentous at tip,
outer ray the shorter, about three fourths the length of inner ray,
which is one and one third in head. All the fins excepting the ven-
trals densely scaled to their tips, which are free and filamentous. Air-
bladder large, oval, posteriorly broader and rounded, more pointed
22 4
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
anteriorly ; six pairs of pyloric caeca, the posterior one longest and
equalling the snout in length.
Coloration in Life. Dark reddish-brown, the head darker brown ;
vertical fins like the body, the tips maroon ; pectorals with lighter
edges ; iris livid-bluish.
Named for Mr. Timothy Hopkins, of Menlo Park, California, to
whose generosity the expedition is financially indebted.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE OF PetrotjX
Catalogue No. 6344 Iceland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Length in mm
Head
Depth
Eye
Interorbital Width.
Snout
Maxillary
Height of Dorsal.
Height of Anal....
Pectoral
Ventral
Caudal
Snout to Dorsal ..
Snout to Anal...
217
20
21
2-5
5
5-5
ir
6
6
12
15
8
25
45
Eutyx gen. nov.
Characters. Body comparatively short, compressed posteriorly;
head broader, scarcely compressed, with a short rounded snout. Mouth
large, with long maxillary ; mandible included ; teeth small, in villi-
f orm bands in both jaws and in a V-shaped patch on vomer ; the inner
mandibular series of teeth enlarged ; palatines toothless ; opercular
bones without spines or sharp angles ; head with prominent mucif erous
canal openings ; lateral lines two on each side, overlapping for a
fourth of their lengths ; scales small, cycloid, embedded ; present on
body and opercles ; head above naked. Gills four, a slit behind last ;
pseudobranchiae wanting; gill-rakers few. Air-bladder moderately
large, oblong, thick-walled; pyloric caeca consisting of two short sacs.
Allied to Grammonus Gill, differing in the absence of opercular
spines, and in the presence of the double lateral line and large mucif -
erous canal openings on the head.
EUTYX DIAGRAMMUS sp. nov.
Pl. XIX.
Type. Cat. No. 6346 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Tagus Cove, Albernarle Island.
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
a
g
SP
H
NEW FISHES 225
Diagnosis. Head four times in length; depth slightly less; man-
dible with slightly enlarged teeth ; opercular bones without spines ;
lateral line double for a fourth of its length ; scales one hundred and
twenty-two ; dorsal fin long, beginning posterior to base of pectorals,
rays one hundred and six ; anal eighty-nine ; pectorals twenty-seven.
Color, uniform dark brown.
Description of the Type. Head four in length ; depth four and
one sixth ; eye five and one half in head ; snout three and five sevenths ;
interorbital four and one fourth; maxillary one and two thirds ; D.
106; A. 89; P. 27; C. 10; scales 14-122-35; pores f-g-.
Vertical profile of body elliptical, dorsal and ventral outlines sub-
equal ; body compressed and tapering to a point posteriorly. Head
large and rounded over vertex, dorsal profile converging sharply toward
the short, bluntly rounded snout ; interorbital region convex. Mouth
large, with a long maxillary, extending behind eye a distance equal to
length of snout ; cleft slightly oblique ; mandible included ; teeth
small, in villiform bands in both jaws ; the inner mandibular series en-
larged and consisting of about twenty large, spaced teeth, the posterior
largest ; vomer with a V-shaped patch of small teeth ; palatines tooth-
less ; opercular bones without prominent angles or spines, their posterior
edges covered with scales ; preopercle bordered below angle by a naked
groove containing three large mucous canal openings . Tip of the snout
and mandible with a pair of mucous canal openings ; upper part of
the opercular membrane with a similar opening. Gills four, a long
slit behind last, free from the isthmus ; pseudobranchiae wanting.
Gill-rakers few, 0+3, short, club-shaped, length of longest one third
diameter of eye, armed with minute teeth. Scales small, cycloid, em-
bedded, covering body and opercle above angle of preopercle ; head
above, snout, mandible and fin membranes naked ; scales on one side
of the head deeply embedded and hidden beneath the skin. Lateral
lines two, the upper beginning above opercle and extending to below
middle of dorsal fin, following outline of back ; the lower line me-
dian, beginning slightly before anus and extending horizontally to last
vertebra ; the lines double for one fourth of their length ; pores thirty
on upper line and forty on lower. A few pores below and running
parallel with lower line. Lateral line extending on head from angle of
opercle obliquely downward to tip of mandible.
Dorsal fin long, extending from base of pectorals to the undifferen-
tiated caudal fin with which it is merged ; rays of about equal height
throughout, the anterior slightly shorter ; height of median rays, three
and one half in head ; all the rays free at the tip and somewhat fila-
226
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
mentous. Anal fin beginning at anus, similar in shape to dorsal which
it equals in height. Caudal fin not differentiated from dorsal or
anal fins, but slightly longer than these, two and two thirds in head.
Pectorals with broad bases, pointed, extending to vertical from anus.
Ventrals attached slightly posterior to isthmus, composed of two rays
united their whole length, extending half-way to anus. Pyloric caeca
two short, thick, sac-like projections about equaling the diameter of
eye in length.
Coloration in Life. Dark brown, head purplish-brown ; fins
blackish.
A smaller specimen taken at the Seymour Islands varies somewhat
from the type in the possession of longer fins and uniform purplish-
brown coloration. Both specimens taken in about three fathoms.
MEASUREMENTS OF Eutyx diagrammus.
87
c-j
Head
2C
27
Depth .
24
2A
Eye .... ...
A C
A c
Interorbital Width
6
Cl
Snout
7
7
TC
*5
Height of Dorsal
7
Height of Anal
7
8
T6
18
1C
17
Caudal
II
72
77
Snout to Anal
49
4 6
ANTENNARIUS TAGUS sp. nov.
Pl. XX.
Type. Cat. No. 6351 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island.
Diagnosis. First dorsal spine slender, terminated by a bifid cluster
of long filaments; second spine curved downward at tip; D. Ill, 13.
Head without fleshy flaps ; gill-opening below and slightly posterior
to pectoral ; body and head covered with bifid spinules. Color, light
pinkish and yellowish, dark -spotted, without ocelli.
Description of the Type. Head two and one third in length ;
depth one and nine tenths ; eye seven in head ; maxillary one and four
fifths; interorbital three and one third; D. Ill, 13; A. 7 ; P. n ; C.
9; V. 5
PROC. WASH. ACAD. SCI. VOL. V
PLATE XX
NEW FISHES 227
General shape much as in A. ocellatus ; body compressed poste-
riorly ; breast and lower jaw tumid ; head wide, the width one and one
third in length ; mouth dorsal with the cleft vertical and the mandible
armed at the symphysis with a knob, projecting beyond the pre-
maxillary ; mandible long, one and three fourths in head, naked, the
posterior one third hidden beneath a deep fold of the skin ; teeth small,
in villiform bands in both jaws, and on vomer and palatines ; head
without large fleshy filaments about angle of mouth and mandible ;
gill-openings small, without naked areas surrounding them ; situated
below and slightly posterior to waist ; head, body, fin-rays and spines
armed with small bifid spinules, lacking only on premaxillary, max-
illary, margin of mandible, first dorsal spine, depression behind second
dorsal spine, five supraocular pits, fin membranes and on underside of
pectoral and ventral rays ; spinules widely forked, with a small ten-
tacle, exceeding the spines in length, between each two ; first dorsal
spine slender, filamentous, terminated by a cluster of long filaments
which are arranged in two more or less distinct clusters. Filaments
more than two thirds the length of stalk, w r hich is slightly shorter than
second dorsal spine ; second dorsal spine thickened, low, curved down-
ward at apex, followed by a deep, smooth depression ; third dorsal
spine higher and heavier, membrane deeply incised in front of the soft
dorsal ; soft dorsal subrounded, much higher than spinous part, ninth
and tenth rays highest, exceeding slightly the maxillary ; first ray
short, truncate at tip, posterior rays reaching beyond base of caudal ;
anal fin similar to soft dorsal, but more rounded and slightly lower ;
pectoral fin geniculate, subrounded, some of upper rays longest, one
and two fifths in head ; ventrals rounded, one half length of pectorals,
situated below posterior border of eye ; inner ray divided ; caudal evenly
rounded at tip, rays all divided, length slightly less than pectorals.
Coloration in Life. Above pinkish or flesh-color, spotted and
streaked with light and dark olive-brown ; a small unspotted area
above pectoral, below creamy with dark olive-brown spots ;' chin and
snout faintly dark spotted ; orbit below and posteriorly with radiating
dark streaks ; first dorsal spine light with dusky cross bars, second
and third spines without dark spots ; soft dorsal spotted like back, anal
fin similar ; pectoral and ventral fins immaculate below, dusky, dark
spotted above ; caudal fin with two series of dark spots on membrane
running vertically through fin ; iris light golden-brown.
This species is nearest to A. ocellatus, differing in the coloration,
the bifid filaments of the first dorsal, and the lack of dermal flaps on
the head, at the angle of the mouth and on the mandible.
228
HELLER AND SNODGRASS
MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE OF Antennarius tagus.
Catalogue No. 6351 Iceland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
;8
Depth
er-i
Head
AT.
Width of Head.
s
Eye .-
6
Interorbital Width
T'l
Maxillary
2C
Height of First Dorsal Spine
Height of Second Dorsal Spine
IO
Height of Soft Dorsal
26
Height of Anal ...
2/1
Pectoral from Gill-opening.
IT
Ventral ..
18
Caudal
30
Genus Allector gen. nov.
Characters. - Body short, stout, and not much compressed ; head
large, cuboidal, armed with a pair of stout supraorbital spines ; mouth
large, vertical in position, premaxillary and mandible armed with canine
teeth ; vomer and palatines toothless ; soft dorsal and anal fins with bases
short, posterior in position ; pectorals geniculate ; ventrals wanting.
ALLECTOR CHELONL^ sp. nov.
FIG. i. Allector chelonice.
Type. Cat. No. 6342 Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
Taken between Clipperton Island and Galapagos Archipelago.
Diagnosis. Head large, two and three sevenths in total length,
broad and flattened above, with a pair of supraorbital spines ; teeth in
both jaws irregular, not greatly enlarged, longest equaling diameter of
pupil ; vertical fins filamentous at tip ; 0.3; A. 3 ; C. 9 ; P. 18.
Description of the Type. Head two and three sevenths in length ;
depth two and two thirds ; eye contained seven times in length of head ;
NEW FISHES 229
interorbital two and one half ; maxillary one and two thirds ; mandible
one and one half ; D. 3 ; A. 3 ; C. 9 ; P. 18.
Head large and cuboidal, broad and flat above with vertical sides,
terminated squarely anteriorly by the vertically placed mandible ; mouth
large, the cleft exceeding one half the head in length. Upper jaw
margined by the premaxillary, which is armed with a single series of
irregular teeth somewhat smaller than the mandibular teeth ; length
of the maxillary one and two thirds the length of head. Mandible
toothed its whole length with a single series of large, irregular, sharp,
canine teeth which are slightly compressed at their bases, length of
longest teeth about equaling diameter of pupil ; mandible with a
prominent projection at its posterior end. Eye comparatively large,
diameter contained three times in interorbital width. Head armed
above by a pair of short, stout, horn-shaped spines situated above and
behind the eye ; branchiostegal rays five.
Body short, more or less compressed and tapering slightly to the
thick peduncle ; dorsal fin short, consisting of three rays, situated a
little in advance of base of caudal fin, rays filamentous at tip, reaching
past base of caudal, length one and two thirds in head. Anal fin
similar to dorsal in shape and composed of same number of rays,
first ray situated slightly behind last dorsal ray, somewhat longer
than dorsal, longest rays reaching past middle of caudal fin. Caudal
long with filamentous rays, truncate or slightly rounded. Pectorals
short, turned forward, rounded, contained three times in length of
head.
The specimen was taken from the stomach of a green-turtle, and
the skin is all gone from the body. The flesh is whitish, the exposed
bones brownish and the iris bluish-silvery. There is no indication of
a spinous dorsal, not even of the basal elements of one.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE OF Alhctor chelom<Z.
Catalogue No. 6342 Iceland Stanford Jr. University Museum.
27
Head
42
Depth
77
Eye .... .
6
Interorbital Width. . .
17
Prern axillary and Maxillary
26
Mandible
28
2\
Height of Anal
28
Pectoral
Id.
Caudal.
IQ
Depth of Caudal Peduncle
16
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., January, 1904.
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